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Do you feel this is a risk for you to leave your secure job in academia and become CTO of 3DIcon – a development stage technology company?  Why did you decide to join 3Dicon?
Actually, I think of it as a great opportunity. With 3DIcon, I have the opportunity to build and grow the technologies that I started. That is personally very important to me as an inventor and technologist. 

Also, as part of 3DIcon, I am able to participate in the commercial and financial potential of my work. Much of my potential compensation is based on my meeting certain technology development and commercialization milestones. I’ve decided to join 3DIcon at this time because I’m pretty confident about those goals and timelines. Our research has come a long way. As a result, I personally feel that there is lot less risk and lot more opportunity!

Your bio states that in addition being a scientist, you’ve had prior entrepreneurial experience heading up an international electronics company. How do you feel your business experience will support your mission in bringing 3DIcon technologies to market? 
Ultimately, we have to be a successful business. My entrepreneurial experience keeps me connected with the reality of business –that things like costs, profits, time-lines and results are crucial to business success.

My prior business experience in electronics is valuable because it gives me a wider perspective, when it comes to sourcing, out-sourcing, purchasing, build vs. buy decisions etc. We must  look beyond what we can build internally. We can  leverage and use global resources. The iPhone is a great example of a fantastic product built using multiple technologies, using components that have been globally sourced and put together.


As the inventor of 3DIcon’s flagship technology CSpace™, please tell us what do you think is the future of this technology.
On one hand the amount of information and data available has and is increasing exponentially. On the other hand our ability to visualize and interpret the data is still limited by 2D displays. The combination of ever increasing information coming faster at us and the limited ability to visualize it is a huge problem. Think of it as a road built 20 years ago that now has to carry 1000 times the number of cars. As we move forward, this will only get more clogged.

Scientists all over the world agree that true 3D visualization is the only real answer to this. CSpace will be the first technology that can be applied to 3D visualization across multiple industries. In addition it will open up a whole new dimension for entertainment, person-to-person communications and displays,  

What are the advantages of CSpace™ over other 3D imaging technologies?

When we started out on this, we wanted to make sure that whatever we develop will be commercially and technically viable. Like the modern computer, we also wanted to build a platform that will continuously get better, faster and cheaper. The fundamental building blocks of CSpace have been chosen and designed to have a long life-cycle that benefits from continuous improvements.

For example: DLP/DMD technology is one of the fundamental building blocks of the CSpace system. In the last few years DMDs have improved from 800x600 resolution to 1920x1080 resolution. As a result CSpace will offer very high resolution. The refresh rates have improved from 9,800 frames/sec to 32,000 frames/sec. That means CSpace will be able to provide full motion video instead of just static images. The size of the DMD has become so small that a projector is now the size of a pack of cards. This in turn gives us the ability to scale the system to large sizes by using multiple DMDs.   Also, CSpace is a static volume display system – it does not have any moving parts and the advantages of that are obvious.

 How will your role in the development of 3DIcon’s technologies change now that you are with 3DIcon instead of OU?  Initially, I see my role as driving three key areas:

 1. Accelerate the development of the technologies by including other research resources like government labs, scientists and universities with complementary expertise, expanding the research at OU. 
2. Move the technologies from the lab to specific commercial applications.

 And equally important,  
3. Continue to grow the IP portfolio of 3DIcon, individually as a scientist and by directing the other researchers.

 Do you feel this will accelerate the rate of technology development?
Yes. Let's also keep in mind that as this industry starts off, a whole system will emerge around it. People and companies will start to develop new applications, content will get created and hardware will start to get built/optimized for such systems.

 What is your vision for leading technology development at 3DIcon in terms of 3D technologies and byproduct technologies?  
Lead the world in developing a commercially exciting 3D Technology Portfolio.

 

 
Awards:
The Premier Statewide Collegiate Business Plan Competition: John Hassell, Lindsey McClure, Kevin Yu, Hakki H. Refai, and faculty advisor, Ken Levit, president, OU-Tulsa, “ZigBeef- Long Range Cattle-RFID Systems,” (Second place of Donald W. Reynolds Governor’s Cup 2005) $10,000.

Isocentric Computer Technology 2005 Award ($15,000)


Patents and Patent Filings:
Hakki H. Refai, and James J. Sluss, Jr., “Virtual Moving Screen for Rendering a Three-Dimensional Image”

Hakki H. Refai, Mostafa H. Dahshan, and James J. Sluss, Jr., “Computer System Interaction with Digital Micromirror Device (DMD)”

Hakki H. Refai, and James J. Sluss, Jr., “Auto-Tracking Systems for Mobile Free-Space Optical Communications,” PCT/US07/88193 (December 2007)

Hakki H. Refai, Erik Petrich, James J. Sluss, Jr., Monte P. Tull, Pramode Verma, Gerald K. Newman, and Martina Dreyer ”Light Surface Display for Rendering a Three-Dimensional Image”

Hakki H. Refai, Erik Petrich, James J. Sluss, Jr., Monte P. Tull, and Pramode Verma, “Volumetric Liquid Crystal Display for Rendering a Three-Dimensional Image”

Erik Petrich, Hakki H. Refai, James J. Sluss, Jr., Monte P. Tull, and Pramode Verma, “Directional 3-D Display”

Gerard K. Newman, James J. Sluss, Jr., Monte P. Tull, Martina Dreyer, and Hakki H. Refai, “Laminated Organic Light Emitting Diodes for 3D Volume Display”

PUBLICATIONS (Journals and Conference Papers):

Hakki H. Refai and James J. Sluss, Jr., and Monte Tull, ” Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) for Optical Scanning Applications,” Journal of SPIE Optical Engineering, Vol. 46, Issue 08, August, 2007.

Hakki H. Refai, James J. Sluss, Jr., Hazem H. Refai, and Mohammed Atiquzzaman, “A comparative study of performance of analog fiber-optic links versus free-space optical links,” Journal of SPIE Optical Engineering, Vol. 45, Issue 2, February 06, 2006.

Hakki H. Refai, Mostafa H. Dahshan, and James J. Sluss, Jr.,” Precise Control over the Individual DMD Micromirror for Volumetric Three-dimensional Display Applications,” Proceedings of the IEEE 3DTV Conference 08, May 28-30, 2008, Istanbul, Turkey.

Mouhammad Al-Akkoumi, Hakki H. Refai, and James J. Sluss, Jr., “A Tracking System for Mobile FSO,” Proceedings of the SPIE Photonics West 2008, Vol. 6877, San Jose, CA, February 13, 2008.

Gabriel Cape, Hakki H. Refai, and James J. Sluss, Jr.,” Omnidirectional Free-Space Optical Receivers,” Proceedings of the SPIE Defense and Security Symposium 2007, Orlando, FL, April 9 - April 13, 2007.

Hakki H. Refai, Mostafa H. Dahshan, and James J. Sluss, Jr.,”Tablet PC Interaction with Digital Micromirror Device (DMD),” Proceedings of the IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging 2007, Vol. 6507, San Jose, CA, January 28 - February 1, 2007.

Hakki H. Refai, James. J. Sluss, Jr., M. Atiquzzaman, H. Nguyen and D. Ngo, “Analog and digital avionics signal distribution using WDM,” Proceedings of the IEEE 24th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), Washington, D.C., October 30 - November 3, 2005.

Hakki H. Refai, James J. Sluss, Jr., and Hazem H. Refai, “The use of free-space optical links for CATV applications,” Proceedings of the SPIE Opto Ireland, Vol. 5825, Dublin, Ireland, April 4-5, 2005 - pp 408-416.

Hakki H. Refai, James J. Sluss, Jr., and Hazem H. Refai,” The transmission of multiple RF signals in free-space optics using wavelength division multiplexing,” Proceedings of the SPIE Defense and Security Symposium 2005, Vol. 5793, Orlando, FL, March 18–April 1, 2005 - pp. 136-144.

Hakki H. Refai, James J. Sluss, Jr., and Hazem H. Refai, “Free-space optical communication performance in the presence of interfering laser signals,” Proceedings of the SPIE Defense and Security Symposium 2005, Vol. 5793, Orlando, FL, March 18 - April 1, 2005 - pp.129-136.

Hakki H. Refai, James J. Sluss, Jr., Hazem H. Refai, and Mohammed Atiquzzaman, “Transporting RF signals over free-space optical links,” Proceedings of the SPIE Photonics West 2005, Vol. 5712, San Jose, CA, January 22-27, 2005 - pp.46-55.
Hakki H. Refai, James. J. Sluss, Jr., M. Atiquzzaman, H. Nguyen and D. Ngo, “The application of fiber optic wavelength division multiplexing in RF avionics,” Proceedings of the IEEE 23rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), Salt Lake City, UT, October 24 - 28, 2004 - pp. 8.D.1-1 to 8.D.1-8.

Hakki H. Refai, James. J. Sluss, Jr., Hazem H. Refai, “Interconnection of IS-95 CDMA microcells using free-space optical links,” Proceedings of the 1st IEEE and IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN 2004), Muscat, Oman, June 7 - 10, 2004, pp. 78 - 81.

Hakki H. Refai, James. J. Sluss, Jr, and Hazem. H. Refai, “Optical interference on free-space optical transceivers,” Presented at Frontiers in Optics - 87th Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Tucson, AZ, October 5-9, 2003 - pp. WJJ6.
 

 

 

 
 
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